Demand characteristics cannot be eliminated from experiments, but demand characteristics can be studied to see their effect on such experiments. Jennifer accidentally plays a radio channel that she has never heard before. D) selection bias, _____ in classical conditioning is the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent. B) cognitive psychology B) most forgetting occurs soon after we originally learned something A) operant conditioning; classical conditioning Which of the following characteristics of the nervous system is most likely playing a predominant role in their adaptability? A) unconditioned response. It is sometimes referred to as the "I knew it all along effect." \end{array} Which of the following divisions of the nervous system will be primarily responsible for the pain she feels? D) genotype, _____ involves the manipulation of genes using technology to determine their effect on behavior. B) tell muscles what to do A) brain lesioning A) gifted & 6,800 \text{ dollars } & 6,800 \text{ dollars }& 3,400 \text{ dollars } \\ _____ are secreted by the adrenal glands. D) Sigmund Freud; Wilhelm Wundt, The approach to psychology that is most interested in early childhood relationships is C) motivated forgetting is a good treatment for overcoming traumatic events A case study D) Adrenal, Repair of the damaged brain may take place by all of the following except Webin experimental research, demand characteristics tend to a-increase the reliability of experimental results. Which of the following is true with regard to the association cortex? B) analytical B) autistic C) humanistic The data show that she is simply very likely to be poor Demand characteristics can invalidate research studies by providing an alternative explanation for the results. participants' expectations of producing an outcome, The placebo effect in an experimental study refers to the. His view is known as C) axons Based on the order of the listening and mood-rating tasks, participants can figure out what this experiment is about and adjust their responses. (2023, February 15). 10Sales100units@$15Jan. https://quizlet.com/148723051/psyc101-chapter-1-flash-cards Your measurements may not accurately reflect the results of your experimental manipulation. D) neither correlational nor experimental research allows researchers to determine causality, B) only experimental research allows researchers to determine causality, Jacob wants to study the relationship between falling in love and a person's academic performance. According to the principle of _____, all participants must know what their participation will involve and what risks might develop. WebResearchers are often concerned with the presence of demand characteristics, cues that make participants aware of what the experimenter expects to find or how participants are expected to behave, and the researchers typically use methods for reducing the demand. The schematic of the present experimental setup for pool boiling on downward-facing surfaces is shown in Fig. &\text{Totals\hspace{60pt}}&\underline{\underline{\text{380 units}}}&&\underline{\underline{\text{\$1,950}}}&\underline{\underline{\text{180 units}}}\hspace{30pt}\\ A) a correlational D) posterior parathyroid gland, Which of the following refer to tiny spaces between neurons? A) only correlational research allows researchers to determine causality B) evaluating solutions Saundra says that whenever she drinks coffee in the evenings, it interferes with her ability to fall asleep. B) the results are likely worthless because you cannot believe anything you read in a blog post B) behavioral Dr. Okawa is interested in studying the effect of neurological trauma on short-term memory. A) psychodynamic We argue that they can either be social or purely cognitive, and that, when they may exist, it crucially matters how they relate to the true experimental objectives. To make your cover story plausible, you add some filler memory tests for participants to complete. C) rehearsal/elaboration Naturally, experimental research is popular in psychology, which is considered a field of medicine. A _____ is a person's genetic heritage, his or her actual genetic material. A) species-specific biological predispositions favor some learning styles over others C)Functionalism/ C) once the electrical impulse reaches a certain level of intensity, it fires and moves all the way down the axon without losing any intensity. \text { d. } & 0 & 1,000 & 16,000 \\ D) amygdala, Marshall damaged his cerebellum in a car accident. Park et al. Shannon is in a constant state of low-level stress. B) conditioned stimulus. B) they do not allow researchers to use just one variable to predict the movement of the other variable Think of these as clues about the research hypotheses. C) evolutionary Independent variables are C) functions/retrospection Aaron wants to study the association between sleep deprivation and the number of hours spent on a computer every day. Group A received progressive relaxation training prior to test taking, while Group B received no training. D) They direct the manufacture of substances required for growth of neurons. C) located inside the cell body D) It is the region of the cerebral cortex that is the site of the highest intellectual functions, such as thinking and problem solving. D) evolutionary. She spends a lot of time worrying about what might happen and she gets her self-worked up about imagined catastrophes. experimenters body language). A ________ is a person's genetic heritage, his or her actual genetic material. D) artificial intelligence (AI) theory/Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, A) Sternberg's triarchic theory/Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, _____ is the ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time. Which of the following techniques involves an analyst unlocking a person's unconscious conflicts by talking with the individual about his or her childhood memories, dreams, thoughts, and feelings? They can be subtle or obvious. This measure lets you infer a participants mood without their explicit awareness. B) long-term memory/short-term or working memory B) sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the unconscious mind influence the way people think, feel, and behave C) Implicit memory/explicit memory That is, total liabilities are 120 % of total shareholders equity. A) the part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body toward other cells. B=100010001. Molly's natural hair color is brown but she has had it dyed blonde. C) Selection bias C)Motor coordination D) humanistic, _____________ believed that psychology should be about what people do, and should not concern itself with what cannot be seen, such as thoughts, feelings, and goals. 40,00045,00035,000c.55,00033,00022,000d.60,00036,00024,000\begin{array}{lrrr} B) axons Which of the following is an advantage of conducting psychological research in a laboratory? B) Genotype In the context of correlational research, which of the following is the most likely conclusion from the results of his study? Which of the following is most like what a psychodynamic thinker might say? Tamika hypothesizes that women are more helpful than men. B) You would break the topics to be studied into smaller areas and focus on each in an organized sequence. D) Thyroid, The adrenal glands regulate energy level, the ability to deal with stress, and -0.24, They are useful when information from many people is required. C) if participants in an experiment are assigned to each group by stratification, the potential differences between the groups on other characteristics will cancel out over the long run. A) Shannon who is experiencing chronic stress A) has shallowly processed this information Students soon learn to anticipate a pop quiz whenever Dr. Meyer closes the classroom door. B) frontal lobes \hline & \text { Casey } & {\text { Dithers }} & \text { Edwards } \\ B) Pancreas A) suggests that memories are large knowledge structures A) sequencing D) intermediary, Organisms learn the association between two stimuli through _____ whereas organisms learn the association between a behavior and a consequence through _____. WebFor example, people with low self-esteem agree that they feel they are a person of worth not because they really feel this way but because they believe this is the socially appropriate response and do not want to look bad in the eyes of the researcher. The reason for this behavior change is simple: once you believe you know the aim of an experiment, its very hard to act as if youre naive about it. B) subjects' opinions about a new amendment. D) psychodynamic, According to ___________ psychologists, your brain houses a "mind" whose mental processes allow you to remember, make decisions, plan, set goals, and be creative. During the study, he is friendlier toward the female participants than he is toward the male participants, which makes the women feel more relaxed during the study. A) agonist/antagonist Professor Izadi is interested in the association between sleep and cognitive performance. D) semantic memory/long-term memory, B) long-term memory/short-term or working memory. Gerald predicts that if he conducts further studies on this topic, he will be able to prove that peer pressure is not the primary reason that adolescents start smoking cigarettes. Keeping its needs in mind, Elixir will most likely hire a(n). B) It makes up 25 percent of the cerebral cortex. A) neurotransmitters C) critical thinking \text { d. } & 0 \text{ dollars } & 8,000 \text{ dollars } & 4,000 \text{ dollars }\\ A) mental imagery Avoid generalizing based on little information and look for consistent themes across several, as opposed to single, studies. Researchers who employ deception in their studies must be able to justify lying to participants. b. Your experiments external validity is also compromised by demand characteristics. Explain. C) The neural impulse Using implicit measures can help reduce the impact of demand characteristics because participants arent aware of the true nature of the task. C)Collateral sprouting By experimental validity, I refer to internal validity and external validity, which are discussed in detail below. Building a scientific and effective human capital development system is an important driving force to improve workers’ living standards and promote innovative development. 15,000dollars51,000dollars44,000dollarsb. Which of the following statements is true of statistical significance? C) consists of glands that regulate the activities of certain organs by releasing hormones into the bloodstream. C) It inhibits the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract. Characteristics of Quantitative Research Types of Quantitative Research Methods 1. D) functional fixedness, According to _____ there are three forms of intelligence, whereas according to _____ there are nine types of intelligences. B) mental processes WebThis module provides an introduction to the use of complex laboratory experiments, field experiments, naturalistic observation, survey research, nonconscious techniques, and archival research, as well as more recent methods that harness the power of technology and large data sets, to study the broad range of topics that fall within the domain of B) occipital lobe C) Raising your hand before asking a question in a classroom setting Which of the following helps to explain this "Misery loves company" effect? D) Acetylcholine and testosterone. B) deception C) parasympathetic Why do demand characteristics matter in research? A) critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity, Psychology began as a science in the discipline of. A laboratory is a controlled setting with many of the potential confounding factors of the real world removed. Clayton wants to determine whether the emotional expression is healthy and if it has an influence on well-being. Figures shown parenthetically reflect agreed-upon profit and loss-sharing percentages. A) ice cream causes people to become more violent and aggressive The operational definition of selfish in Paul's study is C) efferent This minimizes several types of research bias, particularly sampling bias, survivorship bias, and attrition bias as time passes. B. Watson and B. F. Skinner believed that. D) biological, According to evolutionary psychologists A) Understanding the causes of behavior requires looking at the environmental factors that produce them. A) William James psychology should focus on an organism's visible interactions with the environmentthat is, behaviors. Explanatory Design. To ensure that its diverse workforce helps rather than hinders business development, Elixir is seeking the guidance of a psychologist. A) epinephrine and norepinephrine B) reuptake D) formulating hypothesis and predictions, _____ refers to researchers' allocation of participants to groups by chance, to reduce the likelihood that an experiment's results will be due to preexisting differences between groups. A) High levels of oxytocinAlzheimer disease D) science and either behavior or mental processes or both. According to evolutionary psychologists human behavior is traceable to problems early D) behaviorism. Using a special technique researchers present a picture of a flower to Miles's Right brain and a picture of a bumblebee to his left brain. What's the big deal? Vocational education is an important way to accumulate human capital. C) Shannon who is experiencing acute stress A) she can still lead a successful life even if she cannot ever make as much money as a tall person the entire group about which researchers want to draw conclusions. \textbf{Sanderson Manufacturing Company}\\ A) Substitution of function Derek, an Internet activist, committed suicide. C) Nucleus As accounting manager for Sanderson, you are attempting to reconstruct and revise the balance sheet. C) Liver A) Neurotransmitters A) intrapersonal Pre-experimental study design: After incorporating cause and effect elements, a group, or many groups, is kept under observation. D) field, When a researcher decides to study a particular group, such as Latino factory workers, the researcher is specifically determining the study's For example, some college students who are required to take part in research studies for academic credit may feel especially rebellious in a research setting. B) central nervous system The types of experimental study designs are into three types as Pre-experimental, quasi-experimental, and real experimental. C) correlational studies His experimental group is administered the independent variable, but his control group is not administered the independent variable. C) cyton Which of the following is a true statement about dendrites? In this case, Dr. Cardinale is studying heredity's influence on behavior using Dale, a researcher, conducts a study to determine the effects of the color blue on mood. & 4,000 \text{ dollars } & 4,000 \text{ dollars } & 4,000 \text{ dollars }\\ While participants receive only one independent variable treatment in a between-groups design, they receive all independent variable treatments in a within-groups design. C) the psychodynamic approach C) 110 B) Episodic memory/semantic memory D) Sustained attention, Spanking is a form of _____; time out is a form of _____. 1Jan. A) Twin studies Aspects of a study that communicate to the participants how the experimenter wants them to behave are known as A) Wilhelm Wundt; William James D) structures/introspection, In his practice, Dr. Wagner stresses the role of unconscious processes and unresolved childhood conflicts that influences individuals' behavior. Abe and Carl's views reflect the _____ approach to psychology. B) survey method What circumstance must exist for a bond to be purely covalent? Demand characteristics are aspects of experiments that may give away the research purpose to participants. WebAlthough studies provided some evidence of effects of demand characteristics on participant behaviour, heterogeneous operationalisation of the construct, the limited number of studies and poor quality of study designs made synthesis and interpretation of study findings challenging. A) developing good problem-solving strategies She randomly assigns patients to either a room painted white or a room painted black; she then records their blood pressure. C) tertiary A) rationalization D) asking for spare change, A correlation of -.67 indicates C) a weak positive relationship C) positive punishment. B) Amanda is within her rights to leave any question blank if she chooses, and the experimenter has definitely "crossed a line" He asks his employees to brainstorm and create a list of all possible solutions to keeping the company in business. C) graded potential Abe and Carl's views reflect the _____ approach to psychology. C) limbic system C) genome-wide association method D) Jack should be worried because Trent's phenotype should match his parents exactly, A) Jack should not be wary because brown hair color is part of the phenotype not necessarily Sarah's and Jack's genotypes, If you were a psychologist who adopted the structuralism approach, you would be interested in the _____ of the mind, using _____ as your primary research method. B) a loud noise A) Constancy On dissolution of the partnership, Arnie should receive, A researcher wants to study the effects of texting on driving. A) the results are clearly important and represent a major contribution to science What is the operational definition of "helpful" in Tamika's study? Social desirability bias is when participants automatically try to respond in ways that make them seem likeable in a study, even if it means misrepresenting how they truly feel. 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