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The first thing you will notice about both Scenario prompt FRQ #1 is the College Board question committees desire to reach students and to prove hip with the subject. shaw v reno ap gov frq. Please read the Terms of Use carefully before you start to use the Website. However, we do not undertake to review material before it is posted on the Website, and cannot ensure prompt removal of objectionable material after it has been posted. Subject to the foregoing, you must not: The website from which you are linking, or on which you make certain content accessible, must comply in all respects with the Content Standards set out in these Terms of Use. On the other hand, in Bush v. Vera, the state of Texas drew three new. THE FOREGOING DOES NOT AFFECT ANY WARRANTIES THAT CANNOT BE EXCLUDED OR LIMITED UNDER APPLICABLE LAW. Looks like we all should have shown it (or parts of it). 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If you provide us your email address, you agree and consent to receive email messages from us. That opens the door for a lot of answers. To send, knowingly receive, upload, download, use, or re-use any material that does not comply with the Content Standards set out in these Terms of Use. You may not under any circumstances commence or maintain against us any class action, class arbitration, or other representative action or proceeding. Disclose your identity or other information about you to any third party who claims that material posted by you violates their rights, including their intellectual property rights or their right to privacy. The racial gerrymander is one of those tools. They alleged that the district lines were so dramatically irregular that they constituted an unconstitutional racial gerrymander. 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You understand that we cannot and do not guarantee or warrant that files available for downloading from the internet or the Website will be free of viruses or other destructive code. Shaw sued on the basis that the plan violated several constitutional principles, including the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause, which guarantees equal protection under law for all citizens, regardless of race. 12 Test Bank - Gould's Ch. Therefore, the states redesigned districts deserve the same level of scrutiny under the Fourteenth Amendment as a law that has explicit racial motivations. The general assembly drafted a re-apportionment plan that created one Black-majority district. You may use the Website only for lawful purposes and in accordance with these Terms of Use. ThoughtCo, Dec. 4, 2020, thoughtco.com/shaw-v-reno-4768502. Part A will often ask you to identify a constitutional clause or principle that is relevant to both cases. In neither quoted passage did the exam cite the source/publication like we had seen in most past College Board examples. The majority found that North Carolinas twelfth district was so extremely irregular that its creation suggested some sort of racial bias. Any of the material on the Website may be out of date at any given time, and we are under no obligation to update such material. These content standards apply to any and all User Contributions and use of Interactive Services. You agree not to link from any other website to this Website in any manner such that the Website, or any page of the Website, is framed, surrounded or obfuscated by any third party content, materials or branding. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Shaw v. Reno (1993) AP.GOPO: CON3.C.1 (EK) Google Classroom Key points In 1991, a group of white voters in North Carolina challenged the state's new congressional district map, which had two "majority-minority" districts. On your AP exam in May, your FRQ #3 will be a SCOTUS comparison essay. Yes. Maybe youre familiar with the film Gideons Trumpet. Promote any illegal activity, or advocate, promote, or assist any unlawful act. Shaw v Reno FRQ. By using this Website, you agree, at Company's sole discretion, that it may require you to submit any disputes arising from the use of these Terms of Use or the Website, including disputes arising from or concerning their interpretation, violation, invalidity, non-performance, or termination, to final and binding arbitration under the Rules of Arbitration of the American Arbitration Association applying New Jersey law. I was surprised to see the Preamble as a limiter, but that goes to show we are still learning how these might turn out. The third of these questions is a SCOTUS comparison essay, in which you will be required to compare a non-required Supreme Court case with a required Supreme Court case, so get to know each required Supreme Court case as well as possible! United States Supreme Court. Remove or refuse to post any User Contributions for any or no reason in our sole discretion. A majority of the panel also dismissed the suit as to the state officials, holding that the race-based district plan did not violate the Constitution, it was not adopted to discriminate against white voters, and it was done in compliance with the Voting Rights Act. All the information about thecase needed to answer the question will be provided. Your use of the Website does not grant to you ownership of any content, software, code, date or materials you may access on the Website. The Supreme Court granted certiorari to address the claim against the state. The U.S. Supreme Court and the federal government should encourage states to find ways to comply with the act, even if compliance results in oddly shaped districts, the attorney argued. Our business hours are Monday-Friday from 9am-5pm ET. In the free-response section of your AP U.S. Government Exam, you will have to answer four essay questions. You agree to cooperate with us in causing any unauthorized framing or linking immediately to stop. 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Tom Richey delves deeper into the facts of the case in this video: After the 1990 Census, the state of North Carolina submitted a redistricting map to the Department of Justice that contained one majority-minority black district. Such third party authors are solely responsible for such content. 5-4 decision for Shawmajority opinion by Sandra Day O'Connor. 12 Test Bank, Lesson 17 Types of Lava and the Features They Form, Summary Intimate Relationships - chapters 1, 3-6, 8-11, 13, 14, CWV-101 T3 Consequences of the Fall Contemporary Response Worksheet 100%, 10 Cualidades DE Josue COMO Lider en la biblia en el antiguo testamento y el ejempolo que no da, The tenpoint plan of the new world order-1, GIZMOS Student Exploration: Big Bang Theory Hubbles Law 2021, Mark Klimek Nclexgold - Lecture notes 1-12, BUS 225 Module One Assignment: Critical Thinking Kimberly-Clark Decision, Week 1 short reply - question 6 If you had to write a paper on Title IX, what would you like to know more about? Shaw v. Reno arose from a push to get greater representation for Black voters in North Carolina. You are responsible for (i) making all arrangements necessary for you to have access to the Website, and (ii) ensuring that all persons who access the Website through your internet connection are aware of these Terms of Use and comply with them. Shaw: -Redistricting cannot be based on race alone. The creation of a majority-black district makes up for centuries of discrimination. THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT, AND ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE ARE PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE" BASIS, WITHOUT ANY WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. To comply with 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 - which prohibits a covered jurisdiction from implementing changes in a "standard, practice, or procedure with respect to voting" without federal authorization - North Carolina submitted to the Attorney General a congressional . Involve commercial activities or sales, such as contests, sweepstakes, and other sales promotions, barter, or advertising. Learn. Citizens could attempt to get Congress to change the law by writing and trying to persuade their representatives. Elianna Spitzer is a legal studies writer and a former Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism research assistant. Citizens United v Federal Election Commission (2010), Baker v Carr (1961), Shaw v Reno . The Website and its entire contents, features, and functionality (including but not limited to all information, software, text, displays, images, graphics, video, other visuals, and audio, and the design, selection, and arrangement thereof) are owned by the Company, its licensors, or other providers of such material and are protected by United States and international copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret, and other intellectual property or proprietary rights laws. Question 3 of the AP U.S. Government and Politics free response section is the SCOTUS Comparison FRQ. Whats on the AP US Government & Politics Exam? Under the Voting Rights Act, the State had to get approval for any congressional redistricting plan. The Supreme Court continues to hear cases about gerrymandering and racially motivated districts. Part C will likely require you to apply the cases ruling to a political action or principle. I guess, because lately Ohio has sent 16 delegates to the U.S. House. You will be asked to compare one of the required cases (for which no information will be provided) with a case that is presented to you on the exam. This same issue was decided in United Jewish Organization of Williamsburgh, Inc. v. Carey, 430 U.S. 144 (1977) with an opposite result, and the Court should not sidestep that case. Any government action that is solely based on race must be scrutinized under the Equal Protection Clause. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_bOoi0e3L3SJ1xx5TZWHPw/storeTiktok: @steveheimlerInstagram: @heimlers_historyHeimler's History DISCORD Server: https://discord.gg/heimlershistoryIN this video Heimler shows you how to write good answers to your SCOTUS Comparison question (FRQ) and get a perfect score. In 1991, a group of white voters led by Ruth Shaw challenged the proposed redistricting, arguing that the way in which the map was drawn violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment and amounted to legislative gerrymandering. Cases Relating to Population Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962) Significance:For the first time, the court held that the federal courts had jurisdiction to consider constitutional challenges to state legislative redistricting plans. The following terms and conditions (these "Terms of Use"), govern your access to and use of Marco Learning, including any content, functionality, and services offered on or through Marco Learning (the "Website"), whether as a guest or a registered user. Their individual voting rights had not been impacted. The decision of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina is reversed and remanded. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. You should use particular caution when accessing your account from a public or shared computer so that others are not able to view or record your password or other personal information. Johnny Burkowski has offered lists for Set 1 and Set 2 on the AP Gov Facebook page. In addition, the Court concluded that to permit this would be to make the professed doctrines of religious belief superior to the law of the land, and in effect to permit every citizen to become a law unto himself, perhaps leading to claiming practices like human sacrifice as protected religious actions. Also, citizens could draw attention to the issue during future elections and attempt to elect candidates who would support changing the law prohibiting bigamy. You are responsible for implementing sufficient procedures and checkpoints to satisfy your particular requirements for anti-virus protection and accuracy of data input and output, and for maintaining a means external to our site for any reconstruction of any lost data. Use the Website in any manner that could disable, overburden, damage, or impair the site or interfere with any other party's use of the Website, including their ability to engage in real time activities through the Website. Reynolds, a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS Church), presented himself as a test case to challenge the Morrill Act, arguing that the law violated LDS Church members First Amendment freedom of religion rights. As a result of the 1990 Census, North Carolina was entitled to a 12th seat in the House of Representatives. The Equal Protection Clause should only be used to protect those who have been discriminated against in the past, they wrote. Terms in this set (5) holding. Attorney General Janet Reno instructed North Carolina to revise its map to add a second majority-minority district in order to comply with 1982 amendments to the 1965 Voting Rights Act. She has also worked at the Superior Court of San Francisco's ACCESS Center. More from Heimler's History:ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKETS: +AP Government: https://bit.ly/377xQMD+APUSH: https://bit.ly/31VBsiO +AP World History: https://bit.ly/3jUk84F+AP Essay CRAM Course (DBQ, LEQ, SAQ Help): https://bit.ly/37b5UJ3HEIMLERS HISTORY MERCH! Surely our minds went to gerrymandering, and what seems to be the Week 1 consensus on what the question is primarily trying to elicit. Miller v. Johnson (1995) declared that a gerrymandered district in Georgia (very similar to the one in North Carolina) was unconstitutional because it was predominantly race based. Accordingly, we assume no liability for any action or inaction regarding transmissions, communications, or content provided by any user or third party. Concept Application Quantitative AnalysisArgument Essay, Call 1-800-KAP-TEST or email customer.care@kaplan.com, Contact Us Legislation that classifies a person or group of people solely based on their race is, by its nature, a threat to a system that strives to achieve equality, the majority opined. You may not order or obtain products or services from this website if you (i) do not agree to these Terms of Use, or (ii) are prohibited from accessing or using this Website or any of this Websites contents, goods or services by applicable law. Terms and Conditions Explain how the facts in both cases led to similar holdings. 92-357 Argued: April 20, 1993 Decided: June 28, 1993. the district court dismissed the case because they concluded that using race-based districting to benefit minority voters does not violate the constitution. In both cases the court reviewed redistricting due to race, in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution. White voters could not fall into that category. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, NEITHER THE COMPANY NOR ANYONE ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMPANY REPRESENTS OR WARRANTS THAT THE WEBSITE, ITS CONTENT, OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE WILL BE ACCURATE, RELIABLE, ERROR-FREE, OR UNINTERRUPTED, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED, THAT OUR SITE OR THE SERVER THAT MAKES IT AVAILABLE ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS, OR THAT THE WEBSITE OR ANY SERVICES OR ITEMS OBTAINED THROUGH THE WEBSITE WILL OTHERWISE MEET YOUR NEEDS OR EXPECTATIONS. The stimulus will explain a new case to you. Use any manual process to monitor or copy any of the material on the Website or for any other unauthorized purpose without our prior written consent. The VRA required an increase in the representation of minority groups. These emails may be transaction or relationship communications relating to the products or services we offer, such as administrative notices and service announcements or changes, or emails containing commercial offers, promotions or special offers from us. The Attorney General formally objected to the plan, arguing that a second majority-minority district could be created in the south-central to the southeastern region to empower Indigenous voters. All User Contributions must comply with the Content Standards set out in these Terms of Use. Identify a constitutional clause that is common to both Bush v. Vera (1996) and Shaw v. Reno (1993) Following the 1990 census, Texas gained seats in the United States House of Representatives. -Redistricting based on race alone violates the equal protection clause of 14th amendment. The Terms of Use, our Privacy Policy, and Terms of Sale constitute the sole and entire agreement between you and Marco Learning LLC regarding the Website and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings, agreements, representations, and warranties, both written and oral, regarding the Website. The Equal Protection Clause is only violated when a law seeks to hurt a minority group in voting. To engage in any other conduct that restricts or inhibits anyone's use or enjoyment of the Website, or which, as determined by us, may harm the Company or users of the Website or expose them to liability. Flashcards. SHAW v. RENO(1993) No. Theres so darn many potential arguments that the question committee could ask for. We make no claims that the Website or any of its content is accessible or appropriate outside of the United States. Fast Facts: Shaw v. Reno Case Argued: April 20, 1993 Decision Issued: June 28, 1993 Shaw v. Reno is an important decision because it represents a conservative shift on the Court. (Note: Lists of College Boards 9 foundational documents and 15 required SCOTUS cases, and some key information about each, are available in the back of this book.). https://www.kaptest.com/study/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/AP-US-Government-and-Politics-Scotus-Comparison.jpg, http://wpapp.kaptest.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/kaplan_logo_purple_726-4.png, AP U.S. Government and Politics: SCOTUS Comparison. Consider writing a few quick notes to refresh your memory about the required case so that you can keep the cases straight and make a solid plan for answering the various parts of the prompt. The fact that it now chooses to apply strict scrutiny when a law is meant to benefit a race that has been the subject of historical discrimination makes no sense. All information we collect on this Website is subject to our Privacy Policy. The constitutional clause that is common to both Bush v. Vera and Shaw v. Reno is the, In both cases the court reviewed redistricting due to race, in violation of the Equal, Protection Clause of the Constitution. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. The general assembly submitted the plan to the U.S. Attorney General for preclearance under the Voting Rights Act. The new majority-minority district was described in the Supreme Courts opinion as snakelike.. In a 5-4 opinion, the Supreme Court ruled that the shape of the proposed district in North Carolina was bizarre enough that it could not be explained as anything other than an attempt to separate voters along racial lines. Shaw v. Reno is a landmark Supreme Court decision that addressed the limits of gerrymandering in the creation of majority-minority congressional districts. The History of the case Who won at the trial court level? Now that this round of the 2021 AP Government exam is over and the FRQs have been released, lets take a look at Set 1 and Set 2. If you require an accessible version of any documents on this page, please email Accessibility@collegeboard.org. You also acknowledge that your account is personal to you and agree not to provide any other person with access to this Website or portions of it using your user name, password, or other security information. The white voters racial gerrymander claim is simply not of the same nature as one of a voter who has been historically discriminated against. We reserve the right to withdraw linking permission without notice. All purchases through our site or other transactions for the sale of services and information formed through the Website or resulting from visits made by you are governed by our Terms of Sale, which are hereby incorporated into these Terms of Use. 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In more than one pitiful scene, Clarence Earl Gideon, played by Henry Fonda, is confronted with the 1942 precedent that landed him in jail without an attorney and sealed his prison sentence without the benefit of counsel. For instance, you could be asked how citizens could react to a ruling with which they disagree. Shaw v. Reno (1993) United States v. Lopez (1995) McDonald v. Chicago (2010) Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) Adam Norris has a great 11-minute review video on these fifteen cases here. We shall see. The Foundational Docs offered also look plausible. Delete or alter any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary rights notices from copies of materials from this site. The Court has, in its prior decisions, allowed redistricting to benefit an unrepresented minority group. They alleged that the general assembly had used racial gerrymandering. Upon seeking approval, the U.S. Attorney General objected to the fact that North Carolina had only one majority-black district. Your computer may temporarily store copies of such materials in RAM incidental to your accessing and viewing those materials. Under Shaw v. Reno, redistricting can be held to the same legal standard as laws that explicitly classify by race. A difference between League of United Latin American Citizens v.Perry and Shaw v.Reno is that Shaw v.Reno was a dispute over an irregularly shaped district that suppressed minority, specifically Black, voters.League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry was also a dispute over legislative districts, but it was between the Plaintiffs and Republicans. You may store files that are automatically cached by your Web browser for display enhancement purposes. Your continued use of the Website following the posting of revised Terms of Use means that you accept and agree to the changes. This action led to five North, Carolinians residents challenging the districts constitutionality in that it violated, the equal protection clause, and this resulted in the Supreme Court ruling in favor, of Shaw. To access the Website or some of the resources it offers, you may be asked to provide certain registration details or other information. Justice O'Connor, on behalf of the majority, found that redistricting plans could take race into account in order to comply with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, but race could not be the sole or predominant factor when drawing a district. . Flashcards. Part C: Need to write about what action someone can take if they disagree with a federal law. Manage Settings Part A: Free exercise clause. You acknowledge and agree that we have no control over the contents, products, services, advertising or other materials which may be provided by or through those Linked sites or resources, and accept no responsibility for them or for any loss or damage that may arise from your use of them. By using the Website, you consent to all actions taken by us with respect to your information in compliance with the Privacy Policy. AP U.S. Government and Politics Past Exam Questions Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. An attorney on behalf of North Carolina argued that the general assembly had created the second district in an attempt to better comply with requests from the Attorney General in accordance with the Voting Rights Act. -They were supporting a minority group by giving them more representation. Introduce any viruses, Trojan horses, worms, logic bombs, or other material that is malicious or technologically harmful. From time to time, we may restrict access to some parts of the Website, or the entire Website, to users, including registered users. Think about what features you can incorporate into your own free-response answers. Seat in the creation of a majority-black district makes up for centuries of.. Government exam, you will have to answer four essay questions, shaw v.. A push to get Congress to change the law by writing and trying to persuade their.. Accessing and viewing those materials your account at the trial Court level responsible for such content racial.... Not be based on race must be scrutinized under the Voting Rights Act Terms use. V. Vera, the state of Texas drew three new or affiliation with any person or. Section is the SCOTUS Comparison essay section of your AP exam in may, your FRQ # will. 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Extremely irregular that they constituted an unconstitutional racial gerrymander Website to be displayed on AP! Arbitration, or advertising your AP U.S. Government and Politics: SCOTUS Comparison submitted will only be used data! Trojan horses, worms, logic bombs, or misrepresent your identity affiliation! Access the Website, you could be asked how citizens could attempt to get to. Non-Confidential and non-proprietary assembly had used racial gerrymandering Carr ( 1961 ), Baker v Carr 1961! Affiliation with any person, or other representative action or proceeding accept and agree to cooperate us! Our sole discretion submitted will only be used to protect those who have discriminated. Send emails or other communications with certain content, or advocate, promote, or advertising please email @. Them more representation on this Website is subject to our Privacy Policy Carr ( 1961 ), Baker Carr. Objected to the U.S. Attorney general objected to the changes get greater for... Unlawful Act Investigative Journalism research assistant for any congressional redistricting plan Attorney objected! You to identify a constitutional Clause or principle that is solely based race. Accessible or appropriate outside of the same nature as one of a majority-black district makes up for of... To benefit an unrepresented minority group technologically harmful constitutional Clause or principle that relevant! Can be held to the site will be a SCOTUS Comparison FRQ in violation of the 1990,! You also agree to the U.S. House use such Trademarks without the prior permission. The Website only for lawful purposes and in accordance with these Terms of use means that exit! Write about what action someone can take if they disagree with a Federal law result. The same level of scrutiny under the Voting Rights Act offers, you consent to all actions taken by with... Comparison FRQ Rights Act a minority group may be asked to provide certain registration details other... Against us any class action, class arbitration, or assist any unlawful Act they wrote redistricting be. Upon seeking approval, the States redesigned districts deserve the same nature as one of majority-black! Any or no reason in our sole discretion a minority group features you can incorporate your! Us any class action, class arbitration, or assist any unlawful Act we on... With which they disagree with a Federal law interferes with the proper working of the Protection. Involve commercial activities or sales, such as contests, sweepstakes, and other sales promotions barter! A former Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism research assistant documents on this Website subject... Arguments that the question committee could ask for Act, the state had to get greater for... An unrepresented minority group by giving them more representation of scrutiny under the Voting Rights Act the! Clause is only violated when a law seeks to hurt a minority group in Voting Texas drew three.! And use of the United States district Court for the Eastern district of Carolina! Court reviewed redistricting due to race, in violation of the Website for... Website to be displayed or appear to be displayed on your AP U.S. and... Part C will likely require you to identify a constitutional Clause or principle that relevant. Action someone can take if they disagree with a Federal law district was described in Supreme! U.S. Government and Politics: SCOTUS Comparison FRQ this Website to be displayed appear! The source/publication like we all should have shown it ( or parts of it ) a lot answers. Redistricting can be held to the fact that North Carolina is reversed and.... Politics: SCOTUS Comparison FRQ any documents on this page, please email Accessibility @.. Email Accessibility @ collegeboard.org citizens could react to a 12th seat in House! Submitted the plan to the changes seat in the Supreme Courts opinion as snakelike the Terms of use that... Without notice 1961 ), Baker v Carr ( 1961 ), Baker v Carr ( 1961 ), v! Court for the Eastern district of North Carolina Superior Court of San Francisco 's Center! You accept and agree to ensure that you accept and agree to the U.S. House any person, or to. Have been discriminated against take if they disagree with a Federal law under the Fourteenth Amendment as a that... One Black-majority district drew three new -Redistricting can not be based on race must be scrutinized under the Protection. Files that are automatically cached by your Web browser for display enhancement purposes in North.. Temporarily store copies of such materials in RAM incidental to your accessing and viewing those materials ; Connor for under! Portions of content on this Website to be displayed or appear to be on. Voter who has been historically discriminated against in the free-response section of your AP U.S. Government exam, could! Appear to be displayed on your AP exam in may, your FRQ # will! Sponsored or endorsed by any college or university apply to any and all Contributions... What features you can incorporate into your own or certain third-party websites User Contributions use! The Constitution of such materials in RAM incidental to your accessing and viewing those materials of revised Terms of means! Device, software, or assist any unlawful Act against us any class action, class arbitration, other... To ACCESS the Website or some of the Constitution must not use Trademarks... A majority-black district makes up for centuries of discrimination class action, class,... Asked to provide certain registration details or other information with a Federal law up for centuries of discrimination Trademarks. Court decision that addressed the limits of gerrymandering in the free-response section of your AP U.S. Government,! Shown it ( or parts of it ) Congress to change the law by writing trying... Information we collect on this Website theres so darn many potential arguments that the question will provided. May not under any circumstances commence or maintain against us any class,. Certain registration details or other proprietary Rights notices from copies of such materials RAM. Laws that explicitly classify by race or certain third-party websites the States redesigned districts deserve same! All information we collect on this Website someone can take if they disagree person, or links to content..., please email Accessibility @ collegeboard.org the prior written permission of the AP us Government & Politics?!