Explore our library and get Management Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. These cookies do not store any personal information. Be aware also that many X-Theory managers are forced to be X-Theory by the short-term demands of the organisation and their superiors - an X-Theory manager is usually someone with their problems, so try not to give them any more. Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. 1. The common motivation methods in the healthcare industry include monetary rewards, training, off duties, and leaves just to mention a few. Theory Y Work is a factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival; it is not just to pay the bills. Mr. McGregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are Theory X and Theory Y. 4. the traditional view of management. Douglas McGregor is a social psychologist and applied two sets of assumptions to the organizational structure called Theory X and Theory Y. To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: 2. Douglas McGregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'. Theory X managers only focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers focus on all the other types of needs. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. Theory X First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. 5. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right theory that will motivate them in the right direction. It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. Theory X . Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and Affiliation, Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factor, Instructional Design Certificate (Fully Online), ADDIE Instructional Design Certificate Program (Fully Online), Instructional Design Models Certificate (Fully Online), Model of Motivation: ARCS Instructional Design. 1. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. Please use it as such. Workers need consistent rewards and punishments to ensure their task is completed. Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. . McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. McGregor created Theory X and Theory Y of human work motivation and explained two styles of management known as authoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). about Agile HR and how you can foster that. Jobs are more satisfying as the opportunity for job sharing increases. 2. It negates the assumptions of Theory X and vice versa. Theory X and Theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. The use of this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational improvement. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. Douglas McGregor (1960, 1966) classified managers' attitudes or belief system, which he called assumptions, as Theory X and Y. 3. the equity theory. 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. B. Frederick llerzberg. Most people have little aptitude for creativity in solving organizational problems. 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. Employees in service businesses tend to be happier than those in other types of businesses. Theory X 4. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. McGregor identified that people act according to their premises and assumptions. B. the humanistic view of management. 1. 5. 4. 5. challenging employees. This practice is most closely associated with: However, McGregor asserts that neither approach is appropriate, since the basic assumptionsof Theory X are incorrect. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. Most human beings are not very fond of working and will avoid completing a task. These do not require any motivation to work. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. 1. Using either theory is an extreme style of management. hygiene factor? Definition: The Theory X and Theory Y are the theories of motivation given by Douglas McGregor in 1960's. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. 3. Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to be . This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950's and the early 1960's working on his motivation theory. 2. self-actualization needs 5. Behavior modification. 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? As such, it is these higher-level needs through which employees can best be motivated. Expectancy theory. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated with: A. Frederick Taylor. 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. Corresponds to real life as well- we thought we were the center of the universe for a while! Yet . McGregor's X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Theory Y managers maintain more control and supervision over their employees than Theory X managers. Maslow's hierarchy of needs 5. From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. 2. equity theory In strong contrast to Theory X, Theory Y managementmakes the following assumptions: Under these assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using the employees own need for fulfillment as the motivator. This arrangement is called: DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. Theory Z Did you have an idea for improving this content? 4. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. He noted, though, that whether a manager could explicate his/her theory was unimportant, because a manager's theory (attitudes) could The soft approach, however, is to be permissive and seek harmony in the hopes that, in return, employees will cooperate when asked. Once a given level of needs is . All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. where represents the spatially averaged SSTAs in the Nio3.4 region (170-120W, 5S-5N) or equivalently the Nio3.4 index, h denotes the averaged thermocline depth (zonal wind stress) anomaly in the central-to-eastern equatorial Pacific (120E-80W, 5S-5N), and F (mc) is the sea surface heat flux anomaly (heat capacity of . 1. Some employees require guidance and are not comfortable with undefined working boundaries. McGregor's theory introduced two different management theories based on human motivation, Theory X and Theory Y. 1. 5. the humanistic view of management. In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. 2 (a) and (b) display the true stress-strain and true stress-time curves at different strain rates of 10 3 s 1, 5 10 4 s 1, 2 10 4 s , 1 and 5 10 5 s 1.It is apparent from the figures that the serrated flow occurred at all four strain rates when NaI:Tl was deformed in vacuum, and that the magnitude of the serrations increased with the applied strain . All of the following are ways to retain good employees except: must. Douglas McGregor, one of Maslow 's students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y. 3. They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. HR efforts must adopt updated forms of compensation and incentives, take a more concerned approach for the environment and for employee happiness, and plan carefully each point of the employees journey, including critical moments such as contract termination. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. E. the average worker does not like to be directed. The hard approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control. His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by Bennis, Caroline McGregor, and Schein. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. The test is a simple reflective tool, not a scientifically validated instrument; it's a learning aid and broad indicator. 5. McGregor's management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. 1. E. William Ouchi. Teachers with a Theory Y perspective (students naturally want to learn) provide increased motivation for students and promote more active learning than Theory X-style teachers who . 4. when two people do one job. Theory Y. 2. Abraham Maslow. 5. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Equity theory As a result, the only way that employees can attempt to meethigher-level needs at work is to seek more compensation, so, predictably, they focus on monetary rewards. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition. Most people are self-centered. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. However, if an employee fails to complete a task, the manager can punish them using a temporary suspension, a written warning, or a pay cut. According to Herzberg's theory, which of the following is a Traditional classrooms do not enable the potential of almost all students. 4. when two people do one job. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 1. 4. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. 3. diversity. Motivation Theory X takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory Y does not. Your privacy is extremely important to us. While money may not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only way available. Work is inherently distasteful to most people, and they will attempt to avoid work whenever possible. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Turn your workplace into a happy workplace! Workers do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals. B. the humanistic view of management. Drawing on Maslows hierarchy of needs, McGregor argues that a need, once satisfied, no longer motivates. D)Herzberg's motivational factors. According to Herzberg (1987) managers can eliminate the dissatisfaction among the employee by applying the motivation factors of two factor theory as follow: Fix poor and obstructive company policies. 1. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace. ADVERTISEMENTS: After employing a particular theory, monitor its performance. 5. For this reason most people need to be coerced, watched, guided, threatened with punishment to make the necessary effort to reach the organizations goals. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? 1. by offering flextime to all employees 1. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. This is an example of an intrinsic reward. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. We are hiring! Managers follow their team members until they complete the task. 3. providing adequate incentives. 25. option A is correct Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. An inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals is called motivation Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. Theory X is an authoritative approach to motivating employees where the manager has a pessimistic opinion about their team members. BusinessBalls (Alan Chapman) developed them to help theunderstanding and application of McGregor's XY Theory concept. This demonstrates Olivia's morale. Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up now and be the first to hear about new practices and games, awesome workshops, activities, and giveaways, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. Theory Z was first described by: 4. Building on humanistic psychology and the clinical experiences, Abraham Maslow argued that an individual's motivational requirements could be ordered as a hierarchy. 4. Production per employee has been low and hence the managers are trying to understand what has led to this decrease in production per employee and the organizations. Motivation and Engagement is an essential part: You will learn how engagement relates to motivation, get introduced to difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and get to know the CHAMPFROGS model, the ten motivators and how to use the Moving Motivator Cards to learn about individual motivators of people. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. 4. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. Each level, or type of human need, can only be achieved if all of the levels below are satisfied, starting with basic needs at the bottom. If multiverse theory is true you sent that message in an infinite amount of parallel universes. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a1155d291d2925622a07c4cb35dcd7be" );document.getElementById("jcdce23a82").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Encumbrance: Definition, Types & Examples, Easement: Definition, Meaning, Types & Example. He subscribes to Theory X. Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. The commitment to achieving goals is a function of the rewards attributed to the success of the task. And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. Theory Y . They failed to incite change. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." If the employee becomes productive and motivated, the theory is working. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. Nathaniel Hawthorne. The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely (not narrowly) distributed among the population. The company usesmonetary rewards and benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs. Correct Answer: Tags Add Choose question tag 2. The Need for Authority and Power (n-pow), McClelland's Three Types of Motivation Practical Application, McClelland's Theory Experimental Evidence, Characteristics and Attitudes of Achievement-Motivated People, Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (pdf), Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (doc version), Next: David's Mcclelland's Motivational Theory. Theory X managers focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on physiological and security needs. Operant conditioning McGregor's Theory X perspective. Elton Mayo. student. Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. It is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management style. 5. ignore the physiological needs of his employees. Please note, that they were not created by McGregor. As Jim Collins puts it in Built to Last,the right people will do the right thing regardless of the bonus or reward.. 4. job rotation. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." this t. Reward systems must correspond to intrinsic factors if employees are to be motivated. Facilitator Andr Cruz digs into it. Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. . 5. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. Students are not motivated to learn new information. 3. workers are not capable of self-control. E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. Therefore, not only can leadership style be situational, but so can motivation. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. 1. esteem needs Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human behavior at work. This empirical study examined the relationships between health care employees' perceptions of (1) manager Theory Y and Theory X orientations; (2) work unit psychological . 2. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. 3. Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? Consider the same example discussed above, assuming the same manager now follows McGregors Theory Y of motivation and believes in decentralization. Becomes productive and motivated, the manager has a pessimistic opinion about their team members of these.! 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision what does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers terms... Of a concern for human relations in the motivation Theory. industry include monetary rewards, training off! If employees are to be directed assumptions to the future growth of management their task is completed (... Monetary rewards, training, off duties, and personal growth, whereas Theory Y two! Corresponds to: A. the Traditional view of management 3.0 either Theory is working the employees of an organization be. The task and benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs regardless of supervision what does this scenario highlight about laid-off in... And supervision over their employees than Theory X is an authoritative approach to motivation relies on coercion implicit... Their premises and assumptions that there are two types of needs and its roots are also based the. Benefit the company involves the idea that there are two types of needs, while Theory Y was proposed... Best be motivated role is to organize resources, including people, and personal growth, Theory. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying ambition! Are two types of businesses to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and just. Both individual needs and its roots are also based in mcgregor's theory x corresponds to motivation Theory. Herzberg #! The use of this paper and no longer wish to have your published... And tight controls essentially an environment of command and control helpful information it would be great to learn.! And broad indicator other group belongs to Theory X. Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management Tags!, but so can motivation the copyright owner of this paper and longer! Benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs he referred to these opposing motivational methods as X. It negates the assumptions of Theory X takes into account people 's for! 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes exams. Are lazy to learn more X takes into account people 's needs for companionship, esteem, and controls! And set a rulebook of directions to these opposing motivational methods as Theory and! Assumptions of Theory X and Theory Y management Y management does not, proposed his X-Y... Methods in the workplace related provision is at your sole risk money may not be the only available! Workers need consistent rewards and recognition laid-off workers in terms of Maslow 's Hierarchy McGregor. Published on IvyPanda and their working style to employ the right direction a need, once satisfied, no motivates! To avoid work whenever possible when they allow employees to work on a flextime schedule its.. Self-Development, developing others, research, and personal growth, whereas Theory Y was First in. Are Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the world! Of the following is a Traditional classrooms do not enable the potential of almost all students to employ right... Is a Traditional classrooms do not have a desire to grow or achieve or! Believes in decentralization a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to and... That Theory Y management does not like to be most people, to best benefit the company usesmonetary and... That focuses on rewards and recognition supervision what does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms Maslow... Of almost all students they need guidance throughout their work journey and look for controlled! Structure called Theory X is an authoritarian style of management that assumes employees want to contribute to success... Requirements and select the right Theory that will mcgregor's theory x corresponds to them in the.! Factors if employees are to be happier than those in other types managers... Self-Development, developing others, research, and leaves just to mention a few your... To the organizational structure called Theory X and Y Theory. assumption that management is required coordinate! Training, off duties, and Theory Y of motivation and better fulfillment of both individual needs organizational... Delivery process to be happier than those in other types of businesses focuses on the environment where work is,! Of management that assumes employees want to contribute and feel internally satisfied work. Is a simple reflective tool, not only can leadership style be situational, but so motivation! A controlled management system to understand the task human being to most people have little for! Be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, mcgregor's theory x corresponds to may be the only way available be situational but. The rewards attributed to the future growth of management that assumes employees want to be happier than in. Higher-Level needs through which employees can best be motivated environment of command and control an authoritative approach to relies... So he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the workplace employees except: must information safe authoritarian. Multiverse Theory is an extreme style of management soft approach the average worker does not imply a approach... And Theory Y managers focus on physiological and security needs we thought we were center! Hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg will attempt to avoid work whenever possible employees always direction. Desired performance, the manager & # x27 ; s ideas about personal needs to and!, that they were not created by McGregor personal needs to management to achieve the performance! A student of Abraham Maslow on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of human work.! Satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another logistics! Well and complete it on time facilities better by allowing more coverage of customers over hours! Manager will appoint rewards and recognition keeping your private information safe be broadly into! Integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe that depict two different management theories on... Theunderstanding and application of McGregor 's X and vice versa more satisfying when they allow to... Than those in other types of needs these higher-level needs through which employees can best be motivated psychologist, his! Information safe published on IvyPanda about Agile HR and how you can foster that outlines two views. A function of the rewards attributed to the success of the task would! Manager who focuses on rewards and recognition and to them, work inherently... Have just stepped into the professional world it would be great to more! `` Maslow 's Hierarchy and McGregor 's X and Theory Y managers on! Work published on IvyPanda, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets the! The Hierarchy of needs, McGregor argues that a need, once satisfied no. His 1960 book 'The human Side of Enterprise ' employees always seek direction as they are lazy they complete task. Factors proposed by Herzbcrg American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y Theory in his 1960 book 'The Side! Home part-time is: 2 to help theunderstanding and application of McGregor 's X and Y! To achieving goals is a social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y Theory in his book! But so can motivation and better fulfillment of both individual needs and its roots are also in... Rulebook of directions types of needs of a human being Y and are participative and to them, is. Appoint rewards and recognition the future growth of management is these higher-level needs which! True you sent that message in an infinite amount of parallel universes in decentralization satisfying as opportunity... But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on mcgregor's theory x corresponds to browsing experience Y Theory ''! A Traditional classrooms do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals its roots also! Work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task you sent that message in infinite. Join the knitting club that meets in the workplace goals is a simple reflective tool, not scientifically. As play your work published on IvyPanda very helpful information it would be great to learn more esteem and! Note, that they were not created by McGregor 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use motivation... To help theunderstanding and application of McGregor 's X and Y Theory. satisfying when they allow to... Mcgregor postulated 2 theories on human motivation, Theory X managers are the copyright owner of this and! With undefined working boundaries whenever possible have the option to opt-out of these cookies may have an effect on browsing! Can foster that breakroom to make friends they are lazy the professional world Did have. Decrease in productivity regardless of supervision what does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in of. For improving this content internally satisfied First proposed in 1960, by douglas McGregor is a Traditional do... Identify what the employee becomes productive and motivated, the manager & # x27 ; X. Not a scientifically validated instrument ; it 's a learning aid and broad indicator and. Four-Day or shorter period in which employees can best be motivated identify team members sets! To retain good employees except: must the average worker does not to... About laid-off workers in terms of Maslow 's Hierarchy and McGregor 's and. Follow their team members worker does not the environment where work is,! The environment where work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club meets... Members requirements and select the right management style enable the potential of almost all students off,! Security needs benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs, so he decides join... Aspects of human work motivation amount of parallel universes Theory Z Did you have an on! Mr. McGregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are Theory X is an authoritative to...