Moreover, he suggests that an early 14th-century Atlantic expedition headed by Mali King Abu Bakari II may have reached the Americas. No man who believes his history began with slavery can be a healthy man. Moreover, the slave narratives all make it very clear that the enslaved population in the Americas came from Africa so much so that in Cuba some enslaved persons committed suicide, in hope that their spirit would return to Africa, wrote Dwayne Wong (Omowale), the author of several books on the history and experiences of African people on the continent and in the diaspora, wrote inMedium. Listen to GHOGH with Jamarlin Martin | Episode 74: Jamarlin Martin Jamarlin returns for a new season of the GHOGH podcast to discuss Bitcoin, bubbles, and Biden. It was with the coming of Columbus that the twilight of the red and black races began. On the day he submitted his piece, he learned about Alexander von Wuthenau, and art historian who had excavated a large number of Negroid heads in clay, gold, copper and copal sculpted by pre-Columbian American artists. The two likely were not even alive at the same time period. Many historians have worked at debunking the They Came Before Columbus and Africans Were Already In America myth. Saying slave ships are a myth is a whole new level of ignorance . History, as taught in the Western and Western-dominated world, gives the impression that the first Africans to reach the Americas were brought as slaves, in shackles on slaves-ships. There is also a vast body of knowledge to be uncovered about Africa and America. So below are my questions: Is there any truth or evidence that strongly supports the argument that Africans arrived in the Americas before Columbus? Theres not a shred of evidence to prove this. Are some Black Americans trying to distance themselves from Africa and rewrite history by ignoring such evidence as DNA? [6] He became Associate Professor of African Studies at Rutgers in the Department of Africana Studies in 1979. Occasionally, Ive been asked by my colleagues some form of the question, Where are you from?, No, like where is your family from? One could do worse. "They couldn't be slave blacks," he said. So what does Sabres GM Kevyn Adams do this week? Van Sertima believed that Mali seafarers sailed across the Atlantic and landed in Mesoamerica. Critics in anthropology and archaeology have stated that They Came Before Columbus portrays Native Mesoamerican peoples as inferior and incapable of developing highly sophisticated civilizations, cultures, and technologies without the influence of Africans arriving by boat as "gods" in their eyes, as Van Sertima puts it. pic.twitter.com/c0OjXNOVqt, Black Americans Have the Highest Mortality Rates But Lowest Levels of Life Insurance Others hold true to the story of the American slave trade in which enslaved Africans were brought to Americas shores to provide free labor to build the country and grow the economy. He describes how Africans and Phoenicians probably made joint voyages to the Americas around 800 B.C., when the Olmec people lived in the coastal region near the Gulf of Mexico, evidence of African influence there, he said, can be seen in an array of material, including the four colossal Negroid stone heads found near La Venta, Mexico. The g-spot has been referred to as the female prostate (Puppo, 2014) and, 2550 words Steatopygia is an extreme accumulatation of large amounts of fat on the buttocks, and is also known as obesity in the coccyx (Wallner, 2400 words In the year 2000, psychologist Erik Turkheimer proposed three laws of behavioral genetics (LoBG hereafter): First Law. Van Sertima cites a number of other European explorers who he claims reported seeing black people in the Americas as well. Experts have determined that the gourds floated across the Atlantic and washed ashore in the Americas to be adopted by Mesoamerican cultures. But where did Menzies come up with the idea that it was Asians, not Europeans, who first arrived in America from other countries? Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. 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Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. In fact, Columbus writes that they were not black. Change). I am of what you would call, recent African ancestry. I also work with many foreign-born Chinese people. Ivan Van Sertima is a fringe Afrocentric theorist (they all are), who argued that there was an African presence in America, long before Colombus set shore in the Bahamas in 1492. He said, "You cannot really conceive of how insulting it is to Native Americans to be told they were 'discovered'."[14]. Its really that easy to explain the so-called similar appearances in nose shape between the Olmec heads and African noses. I found an audio version of this book on YouTube. Evidence for contact comes in the hybridization of American and African cottons, linguistic links, pre-Columbian skeletal remains of Africans in America, and early American sculpture and art that obviously depicts Africans, Van Sertima said. This book is dense with presented evidence and deserves serious study. Sources of information on such misconceptions and strategies for helping students to overcome them are . Weiant, who had a PhD in archaeology, also wrote numerous articles on extrasensory perception and was an active member of the. ". Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. He arrived on these shores at about the same time that the Spanish defeated the Moors and destroyed more than 3,000 Arab documents and many libraries, Van Sertima toldThe Washington Post. And numerous Negroid portraits and masks were found with them. 1. Mansa Musa never traveled to the Americas, so how could he have been Montezuma? I saw Dr. Van Sertima lecture at Cornell University in 1979. In doing field work in Africa, he compiled a dictionary of Swahili legal terms in 1967. Your email address will not be published. Van Sertima asserts that this idea is false and explains how this belief developed. Additionally, they wrote that Van Sertima "diminishe[d] the real achievements of Native American culture" by his claims of African origin for them. "People have different definitions of realism," he added, pointing out stylistic conventions and showing slides that depicted convincingly similar but totally unrelated rattlesnake scale designs from the early American city of Teotihuacan and decorations on a Louis XVI commode. brilliantly [demonstrates] has that there is far more to black history than the slave trade."John A. Williams They Came Before Columbus reveals a compelling, dramatic, and superbly detailed documentation of the presence and legacy of Africans in ancient America.Examining navigation and shipbuilding; cultural analogies between Native Americans and Africans; the . Columbus' "accidental stumbling into the Caribbean," theorist Ivan Van Sertima of Rutgers University said, followed incursions by native Africans who left traces in art, artifacts, maps, language, cultural influences and accounts related to early European explorers. "How many of us know the African influence on ancient Greece and Rome? As expected, this book has caused controversy and many of Van Sertimas have been debated over the years, but this book still remains a good look into possible history. They wear the hairs brought down to the eyebrows, except a few locks behind, which they wear long and never cut. What country did your, say, grandfather or great-grandfather or whatever come from?. However, Columbus actually sent back on a mail boat to Spain samples of these gold-tipped metal spears. The books showed an African and Arabic influence on medeival Mexican and South languages prior to European contact. These strong currents, which Mali oral tradition describes as "rivers in the middle of the sea," could have helped propel African vessels to the American continents, he adds. Their coloration, fullness of lip, prognathism, scarification, tattoo markings, beards, kinky hair, generously fleshed noses, and even in some cases identifiable coiffures, headkerchiefs, helmets, compound earringsall these had been skillfully and realistically portrayed by pre-Colombian American potters, jewelers and sculptures. According to Dr. Van Sertima, whose book "They Came Before Columbus" (Random House, 1976) suggests Africans were in the New World before Columbus's journeys, the mainstream of academia. I read They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America by Ivan Van Sertima. Smart Policies are as low as $30 a month, No Medical Exam Required This view, of course, is seen as highly fringe in the field of anthropology. The majority of us here in America the descendant of slaves were already aboriginal in America and were the slave population of choice. Other stone heads have been uncovered in Mexico. When the metallurgists in Spain assayed these spears, they found they were identical, not similar, but were identical in their ratio of gold, silver and copper alloys as spears then being forged in African Guinea.. Of course I was taken aback by the bold claim. This was all that I could recall being formally taught. Columbus actually said in the journal of his second voyage when he was in Haiti, then known as Espanola, Native Americans came to him and told him that Black people had come in large boats from the south and southeast trading in gold-tipped metal spears. [3][n 1], Van Sertima was born in Kitty Village, near Georgetown, in what was then the colony of British Guiana (present-day Guyana); he retained his British citizenship throughout his life. Haslip-Vierra, de Montellano and Barbour. What normativity means has implications for many things in philosophy and science. The hypothesis that these seeds could have floated to America by sea was tested and the results did not support it. While his Olmec theory has "spread widely in African American community, both lay and scholarly", it was mostly ignored in Mesoamericanist scholarship, and has been dismissed as Afrocentric pseudoarchaeology[2] and pseudohistory to the effect of "robbing native American cultures". Also, Van Sertimas case could be strengthened if statues and art known to intended to depict Native Americans were also shown in comparison. Columbus never claimed that he saw black people in the Americas. When new evidence was provided pushing back the dates of the manufacturing of the Olmec heads, Van Sertimareluctantlypushed back the dates of contact between the Nubians and the Olmecs (Viera, de Montellano, and Barbour, 1997). Van Sertima spent his career pushing pseudoscience of this type, even editing and publishing most of his own work in his own edited journals (because other journals would not accept his fringe work). "Columbus is not just a man, lic is a symbol. How could Africans, who are not popularly known as seamen, have crossed the 1.500 Atlantic miles to the American continents? Van Sertima was among those who argued that the Olmec had African origins, whereas others such as Mike Xu have argued that the Olmec civilization has Asian roots. The book starts by recounting the discovery of pre-Columbian statues in Mesoamerica which contained facial features referred to as negroid. Carbon dating puts the creation of these stone heads to approximately 800 B.C. Many of the cultural pieces of evidence also provide intriguing support to Van Sertimas thesis, though many may legitimately be debated as coincidences or artefacts resulting simply from commonalities in how the human brain interprets the world. None of that evidence is conclusive or even particularly convincing, countered anthropologist Warren T.D. Like claims of early Viking settlement in the Americas, any early African presence as that claimed by Van Sertima had little impact on the subsequent development of North American culture. The view is based almost completely on just observing the facial features of the Olmec colossal heads, as described by Van Sertima above. De Las Casas gave this description in his account of Columbus voyage: Wednesday, July 4, he ordered sail made from that island in which he says that since he arrived there he never saw the sun or the stars, but that the heavens were covered with such a thick mist that it seemed they could cut it with a knife and the heat was so very intense that they were tormented, and he ordered the course laid to the way of the south-west, which is the route leading from these islands to the south, in the name, he says, of the Holy and Indivisible Trinity, because then he would be on a parallel with the land of the sierra of Loa and cape of Sancta Ana in Guinea, which is below the equinoctial line, where he says that below that line of the world are found more gold and things of value; and that after, he would navigate, the Lord pleasing, to the west, and from there would go to this Espaola, in which route he would prove the theory of the King John aforesaid; and that he thought to investigate the report of the Indians of this Espaola who said that there had come to Espaola from the south and south-east, a black people who have the tops of their spears made of a metal which they call guanin, of which he had sent samples to the Sovereigns to have them assayed, when it was found that of 32 parts, 18 were of gold, 6 of silver and 8 of copper. In Koning's telling and in Zinn's, Columbus set out to enslave a uniformly gentle people for the sole purpose of enriching himself with gold. In conclusion, Van Sertima misrepresents archaeological, linguistic, botanical etc evidence for his ridiculous claims that Africans settledand created or influencedMesoamerican civilizations. This is an inference that Van Sertima makes, but he presents his inference as a fact. You have permission to edit this article. Among those that believe African made their own way to America, they also doubt the existence of slave ships. This two-way trade never happened. Did the Spanish also assay the spears of West Africa to know what ratio of gold, silver and copper alloys were found in the African spears? From left to right are: Comes Again, Iron Hawk, High Eagle, Dewey Beard and John Sitting Bull. "Some of these voyages are designed or planned; some are accidental," he said. Van Sertima repeated this claim again when hetestifiedin front of the House of Representatives in 1987: Now, I am not the first to suggest that there were Africans in America before Columbus; Columbus was the first to suggest it. Dwayne Wong (Omowale) is a Guyanese born Pan-Africanist and author. Maize has African origins. The professor said that he was intrigued but skeptical when he first encountered the idea of ancient African contact with the Americas. Van Sertima does not say, but he jumps the conclusion that the spears that were sent to Spain were African spears without providing a basis for why he believes so. The book deals mostly with his arguments for an African origin of Mesoamerican culture in the Western Hemisphere. There are many similarities between Egyptian civilization and Native American cultures. Yeah, they forget about the actual red dark Indians in India. His article "The Lost Sciences of Africa: An Overview" (1983) discusses early African advances in metallurgy, astronomy, mathematics, architecture, engineering, agriculture, navigation, medicine and writing. I was a friend of de Montellanos and many years ago we used to debunk Afrocentrists aka Afronuts on several forums (he posted as Quetzalcoatl on Egyptsearch), but he died I think in 2016. Upon casual reading, it does at least make one take its thesis seriously. However, their African ancestors had survived relatively dark-skinned (carrying the old haplogroup C) in Oceania for over 100,000 years Continue Reading More answers below Rasager Aa Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. As I sought out sources to find out more, this book appeared several times as a must-read. Several words are also similar with similar meanings such as nama-tigi or ama-tigi from the Bambara of the Mandingos and aman-teca from the Nahuatl of Mexico, both of which refer to master or chief or headman. Van Sertima presents an argument for the transformation of the word banana with African origins. First discovered by Charles Spearman in 1904, noting that schoolchildren, 1550 words Introduction The role of the Jews in the slave tradeand in the civil warhas garnered a great amount of scholarly attention. Highlighted Ogham found on the Isle of Man - Credit: ViewTeam (Author provided) [9] The Pseudohistory of Who Discovered America", "Robbing Native American Cultures: Van Sertima's Afrocentricity and the Olmecs", "Ivan Van Sertima's books great reading for Black History Month", "Ivan Van Sertima (In Memoriam, 1935-2009)", "Guyanese Dr. Ivan Van Sertima passes at 74", "Ivan Van-Sertima - Anthropologist, linguist, educator and author", "Journals of the Century in Anthropology and Archaeology", "Archaeologists & Scholars: Clarence Wolsey Weiant 1897 1986", "Martians & Vikings, Madoc & Runes: A seasoned campaigners look at the never-ending war between archaeological fact and archaeological fraud", "Van Sertima Wins Prize for Book on Africa; Van Sertima Wins $7,500 Book Prize", KAREN KELLER, "Ivan Van Sertima, inspirational Afrocentric historian: Rutgers professor jolted academia with pre-Columbian assertions", "A Look Back at Slavery: Ivan Van Sertima On Cultural and Scientific Achievements in Africa", "They came before Columbus - Dr Ivan Van Sertima", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Van_Sertima&oldid=1139765361, British expatriate academics in the United States, 20th-century American non-fiction writers, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox person with multiple spouses, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1999, "The Lost Science of Africa: An Overview", in, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 20:06. For example, whereas Van Sertima argued that Africans influenced the civilization of the Americas, Clyde Ahmad Winters goes further by suggesting that Africans founded the Olmec and all other major American civilization, which is a claim that Van Sertima never made. Im pretty sure I had taken a World History course before. I am not completely dismissive of the idea that Abu Bakr could have in fact successfully arrived in the Americas. However, anthropologists and archaeologists who specialized in Mesoamerican history, rightly, reject Van Sertimas storytelling. Kenneth L. FedderKenneth L. Feder, a specialist in archaeological pseudoscience, addresses prevalent misconceptions about the settlement of the Americas, discussing how they are stimulated by ethnic pride and religious faith, propagated uncritically in the media, and accepted by students. One of the most baffling claims to me is the idea that the slave trade happened in reverse and that Native Americans were shipped to Africa, not the other way around. In addition, Spanish explorers found African war captives with American Indian tribes. Van Sertima also includes photos of an African man and woman for comparison, but he does not include pictures of inhabitants of the area where the artifacts were found. There have been a number of diffusion theories regarding the Olmec. Columbus is not just a man, he is a symbol. I may hear about anything from the cultural revolution, to ancient Chinese dynasties, to Genghis Kan. They would claim them as west African too if they could. In the documentary, Umar Johnson claims that Africans were going back and forth engaging in cultural and economic trade before Columbus. He published several annual compilations, volumes of the journal dealing with various topics of African history. pic.twitter.com/GRHEgWZkZb. The accounts of people such as Christopher Columbus himself, Spanish travelers, and Herodotus, though, are harder to debate. Through the use of several disciplines - archcology, anthropology, art history, oceanography, cartography botany and serology - Van Sertima argues that ancient Africans made their way to the New World more than 22 centuries before Columbus. So, Van Sertima had his conclusion in mind first, and looked for evidence for itmeaning he was telling just-so stories. In They Came Before Columbus,we see clearly the unmistakable face and handprint of black Africans in pre-Columbian America, and their overwhelming impact on the civilizations they encountered. A generation of work in this area had unearthed a large number of Negroid heads in clay, gold, copper and copal sculpted by pre-Colombian American artists. However, Columbus actually sent back on a mail boat to Spain, samples of these gold-tipped metal spears. If you lift that shadow, you help repair that damage. Glyn Daniel, an archaeology professor at Cambridge University, called Van Sertima's book "ignorant rubbish" in a review he wrote for The New York Times Book Review. So again, thanks. Barbour, the first African-American to earn a. Dan Von Hoyel ~ Black Before Columbus Came: The African Discovery of America Odd Salon DISCOVERY: Six stories of rigorous inquiry and accidental revelations, [] Van Sertima quit and wrote the series for an independent company. Apparently she had read the the book They Came Before Columbus: The African Presence in Ancient America (Journal of African Civilizations) by Ivan Van Sertima and was buying what he was selling. Barbour, the first African-American to earn a doctorate in archaeology, is an expert on Mesoamerican culture and associate scientific director of the African Burial Ground Project in Lower Manhattan. https://twitter.com/BreeNewsome/status/1404242564585246720?s=20&t=Lv4XscKZw3SR_tmBhetmbg, https://twitter.com/tariqnasheed/status/1501640824576110595?s=20&t=Lv4XscKZw3SR_tmBhetmbg, https://twitter.com/RDCRaissa/status/1503381403836293127?s=20&t=Lv4XscKZw3SR_tmBhetmbg, https://twitter.com/JaKaB0i_116/status/1503133876637638663?s=20&t=Lv4XscKZw3SR_tmBhetmbg, The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States. I am merely pointing out that the scholarship around this topic tends to be very flawed and misleading. This video is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Ivan Van Sertima who made is transition on May 25th, 2009. They follow that quote with this statement: "In spite of the above evidence, education and curriculum development literature are generally silent on the Olmecs" (pg 5). So total is the Euro-Americans onslaught on black people that . Recently, I've been handed a book called "They Came before Columbus" by Ivan Sertima, which asserts that Africans had discovered and traded with the native people of the Americas long before Columbus arrived. That's when I decided to take a degree at London University in African anthropology and linquistics.". "I kept quiet about my work. Van Sertimas research points to the Negroid features of giant stone heads in Mexico, our of which have been radiocarbon dated at 814 B.C. There is, again, a much more eloquent explanation:the Olmec heads were black because they were made from black stone! What is the view of historians in general? [15] The claims in this book are not generally accepted in the scientific fields of archaeology and anthropology. There is also a vast body of knowledge to be uncovered about Africa and America. In They Came Before Columbus, Van Sertima argues that Egyptian journey to the Americas happened during the rule of the 25th dynasty, which was the Kushite dynasty that ruled Egypt. Columbus wrote: Their hair is short and coarse, almost like the hairs of a horses tail. Van Sertima claimed that Bakari II had a fleet of ships and set off from the west coast of Africa across the Atlantic to the Gulf of Mexico and influenced the Vera Cruz region of what is now modern-day Mexico. Found with them us know the African Presence in ancient America by sea was tested and the did! Had a PhD in archaeology, also wrote numerous articles on extrasensory perception was! Doing field work in Africa, he compiled a dictionary of Swahili legal terms in 1967 World history Before... Lecture at Cornell University in African anthropology and linquistics. `` said that he telling... 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